Chamomile tea is consumed in many parts of the world due to its relaxing and uplifting effects. One of its key ingredients is Apigenin, a flavonoid-based compound. Following consumption, it is rapidly metabolised and released into the bloodstream to exert its effects. It has the ability to bind to brain benzodiazepine receptors, where it can exert anxiolytic effects similar to pharmaceutical benzodiazepines, but without evidence of the often undesirable sedative or muscle relaxant actions of these drugs.

Glycine is a conditionally essential amino acid. Unlike most other nootropics, it is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, and also acts as a co-agonist within the NMDA neurotransmitter system. It is a major component in the synthesis of collagen, and hence vitally important for the structural strength of connective tissues. These properties make Glycine an ideal candidate as a sleep- and focus-promoting nootropic.

L-theanine occurs naturally in tea, a beverage regarded as a calming and comforting companion by people all over the world. Alongside caffeine and flavonoids, L-theanine is one of tea’s key components. Closely related structurally to the amino acid glutamine, L-theanine exerts its effects in the central nervous system (CNS) by binding to glutamate receptors. It has also been shown to upregulate the major CNS hormones serotonin and dopamine, as well as promoting activity of other amino acids such as glycine. A cup of black tea contains approximately 25mg of L-theanine, yet human studies demonstrating its positive effects tend to use larger doses of 200mg.

Magnesium is a mineral involved in a wide range of important body processes such as ensuring nerve function and promoting protein synthesis.

Vitamin B3 (Niacin) is a precursor for an important catalyst involved in energy-producing processes in virtually all human cells.

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) is a versatile vitamin with important roles in neurotransmitter synthesis and protein metabolism.

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) is a vital cofactor for reactions that are essential in development and function of the central nervous system. Supplementation is particularly important in vegetarians and vegans, as plant-based foods do not contain Vitamin B12.